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The influence of biochar on physico-chemical properties of soil
Polášková, Nikola ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is focused on assessment of the influence of biochar on the soil physico-chemical properties (particle density, dry density, porosity, water retention capacity and maximum water holding capacity, oxidizable carbon content, total nitrogen content, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium content). The selected and examined soil types were: cambisol, fluvisol, chernozem and regosol. There were two types of biochar used for analysis – NovoTerra and Sonnenerde. Soil samples were dried to constant weight and adjusted to grain-size fraction under 2 mm, respectively 0,25 mm. The oxidizable carbon content was measured by oxidation using a mixture of potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid (Walkley-Black method), the total nitrogen content was measured by kjeldahlization and P, K and Mg content was measured using Mehlich 3 extraction and ICP-OES spectrometer. The results show that biochar has a significant influence on soil characteristics depending on the type of biochar and soil we use for biochar application. This thesis can be used to clarify the complex issues in terms of soil in Czech Republic or it can be used by farmers considering using biochar as a soil additive with the intention to increase productivity and fertility of soil.
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Vliv mineralogického složení na vybrané půdní vlastnosti
Plačková, Iva
Diploma thesis was focused on comparison of physical and chemical soil properties and their mineralogical composition. Object of study were -- Haplic Cambisol (Malonty), Haplic Cambisol (Vatín), Haplic Chernozem (Bratčice), Calcaric Chernozem (Velešovice) and Haplic Luvisol (Lesonice). Results showed that the highest minerals content was in Chernozems. Statistically significant differences were found in clay content, nu-trient content, soil reaction and cation exchange capacity in selected soil types.
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Steppe or woodland? Ecological Conditions of Formation and Evolution of Chernozems in Central Europe
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee) ; Havlicek, Elena (referee)
Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...
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Anthracology and NMR spectroscopy in Palaeoecological Research of Chernozems
Danková, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...
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The influence of biochar on physico-chemical properties of soil
Polášková, Nikola ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is focused on assessment of the influence of biochar on the soil physico-chemical properties (particle density, dry density, porosity, water retention capacity and maximum water holding capacity, oxidizable carbon content, total nitrogen content, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium content). The selected and examined soil types were: cambisol, fluvisol, chernozem and regosol. There were two types of biochar used for analysis – NovoTerra and Sonnenerde. Soil samples were dried to constant weight and adjusted to grain-size fraction under 2 mm, respectively 0,25 mm. The oxidizable carbon content was measured by oxidation using a mixture of potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid (Walkley-Black method), the total nitrogen content was measured by kjeldahlization and P, K and Mg content was measured using Mehlich 3 extraction and ICP-OES spectrometer. The results show that biochar has a significant influence on soil characteristics depending on the type of biochar and soil we use for biochar application. This thesis can be used to clarify the complex issues in terms of soil in Czech Republic or it can be used by farmers considering using biochar as a soil additive with the intention to increase productivity and fertility of soil.
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Porovnání mineralogického složení vybraných půdních typů
Pastuszková, Lenka
Bachelor thesis is focused on comparison of physical and chemical soil properties and mineralogical composition of selected soil types. Object of study are Calcaric Chernozem (Velešovice, CZ), Leptic Cambisol (Ocmanice, CZ) and Leptic Andosol Dystric (Deception Island, Antarctica). Results showed that the wide variety of minerals and the highest amount of nutrients contained Chernozems. Less minerals and nutrients were determined in Cambisols. Very low nutrients content and the initial pedogenetic process was determined in Leptic Andosol Dystric.
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Chemické a fyzikální vlastnosti půd v intenzivně obhospodařovaných vinohradech
Čermák, Patrik
The aim of bachelor thesis is to provide pedological soil survey in selected vineyards in South Moravia region. Characterization of physical and chemical soil properties and nutrients content is given. Introduction is focused on vineyard terroir, criteria of vineyard foundation and soil types in vineyards. Results showed that mainly Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, and Rendzina are typical vineyard soils in the Czech Republic. Soil quality and nutrients content in studied vineyards were decreasing in the following order: Chernozem > Haplic Luvisol > Rendzina.
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Biologické a chemické ukazatele kvality půdy
Janderková, Michaela
Bachelor thesis is aimed at evaluation of selected biological and chemical indicators of soil quality. Standard analytical methods for determination of basic soil properties were used. Studied soil types Calcaric, Loamic Chernozem (locality Hrušky), Haplic Luvisol (locality Uhřice) and Gleiyc Cambisol (locality Desky) shown statistically significant differences in chemical properties and clayic particles content. Practically no differences were found in total organic carbon content and amount of microbial biomass. It was concluded that intensively exploited agricultural soils are low in humus and microbial biomass. They also gradually undergo acidification process and have low intensity of respiration. Increasing of organic input and liming is recommended.
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Klasifikace a bonitace půdy na lokalitě Boskovice
Martínková, Andrea
Bachelor thesis is focused on the land evaluation and soils survey at the locality Sudice. We determined selected soil physical and chemical properties and then the soil type was classified according to the Czech Soil Taxonomy system. Studied Luvic Chernozem was very rich in humus and contained a very high percentage of humus. Content and quality of humic substances was very high. HA/FA ratio was high more than 1.5 and indicated high quality of humic substances. HS absorption in UV-VIS spectral range was high. Available nutrients content was high. Our findings were in agreement with the results of Systematic Soil Survey and confirm code BPEJ 3.02.00. The administrative price was 19,02 Kč/m2.
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